State / Commonwealth / Territory - Marine Managed Areas (MMAs)

H A W A I I

Highlighted MMAs: Marine Life Conservation Districts
HRS Ch. 190

Marine Life Conservation Districts (MLCDs) are designed to conserve and replenish marine resources. MLCDs usually allow only limited fishing and other consumptive uses. They provide fish and other aquatic life with a protected area in which to grow and reproduce, and are home to a great variety of species. MLCDs are most popular as sites for snorkeling, diving and underwater photography.

MLCDs were introduced to Hawaii in the fall of 1967 with Hanauma Bay on Oahu. The resulting increase in fish populations was phenomenal, and the bay has become world famous. At the present time there are ten MLCDs statewide, and other sites are being considered as well. The districts are established by the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) as authorized by Chapter 190 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes. Suggestions for areas to be included in the system may come from the state legislature or the public. The DLNR’s Division of Aquatic Resources conducts surveys of marine ecosystems throughout the state and may recommend MLCD status for areas that appear promising.

Once an area is recommended for designation, it is evaluated by the DAR with regard to a myriad of criteria. These include accessibility, marine life and future potential values, safety from a public usage standpoint, compatibility with adjoining area usage, and minimal environmental or ecological changes from the undisturbed natural state. In addition, the area should have clearly defined boundaries so that it is easily recognizable for compliance and enforcement. The area must be of sufficient size, large enough so that fish populations can be restored even with ongoing fishing activity outside the MLCD, but small enough so that fishers are not denied the use of vast fishing areas.

If the recommended area meets the criteria of a MLCD, the Division of Aquatic Resources conducts a thorough investigation consisting of bottom topography and fish surveys. Input from the public and governmental and private agencies is also considered. Public meetings are held, after which regulations for the area are drawn. A public hearing is held on the proposed regulations. Final approval is obtained from the Board of Land and Natural Resources and the governor.

Relevant Agencies/Programs:

Marine Managed Area Systems:

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